Should Smoking Be Public Spaces - 1721 Words

With over 300 million smokers around the globe, it begs the question of how their choice to smoke cigarettes is not only affecting themselves in the short run but also long term. Short term effects include frequent cough, colds, bronchitis, as well as pneumonia. The long-term effects are much grimmer than the short term. Long term effects include but not limited to cancer of the throat, lung, and mouth. Smoking also increases the chances of stomach, kidney, and pancreatic cancer Women who smoke while pregnant increase the risks to the unborn baby such as premature birth, and small birth weight. Teens who smoke are more likely to become addicted to cigarettes. They also face a larger risk for getting lung cancer than those who start later†¦show more content†¦The government is trying to brainwash the public. For example, when you are at your local beach if you live on the coast or even at your local park, the harm to nonsmokers from your smoking of a cigarette just doesn†™t exist. There are those who claim the local wildlife is being killed by ingesting the discarded cigarette butts but this is just not true, a cigarette butt is merely paper and cotton, which isn’t harmful to wildlife, as well as when you are smoking in public and God forbid a child may see you smoking and try to imitate you thinking that if an adult does it makes it cool. â€Å"But the claim is that the real reason behind smoking bans is to protect smokers from themselves by making the places in which you can smoke harder† says Ronald Bayer an investigator for the Public Broadcasting Station. As well as the fact that health officials use other arguments as to not appear patronizing. The fact of the matter is that public smoking bans are very effective in denormalizing smoking and increasing quit rates. The continuous use of tobacco has led to a pediatric epidemic, and it’s not only in other countries, but also right here in the United States. Even through all the progress that has been made in the United States, one out of four high school seniors smokes cigarettes regularly. In the article â€Å"Tobacco Use is a Serious Problem† states â€Å"Because few high school smokers are able to break free from the powerful addicting effects ofShow MoreRelatedShould Smoking Be Public Spaces Should Be Allowed?1789 Words   |  8 Pagesand at our restaurants. It is the war on smoking. Over the past several years the debate has been raised about whether or not smoking in public spaces should be allowed. Should a person be able to go anywhere in public and have the right to clean air? Is society infringing upon the rights of smokers? This social issue is more than just about health. This is a topic of great importance because of the implications of a ruling in favor or against s moking in public could have great implications to how ourRead MoreEssay on Smoking in Public Spaces Should be Banned2013 Words   |  9 Pagesthink. As you lean in to take that first bite, a puff of smoke surrounds you, your family, and your food. How pleasant is this? A big topic being brought to attention these days is whether or not smoking should be banned from all restaurants and other public areas. Smoking in public areas should be taken into close consideration. There are many reasons of why this is brought to attention. These include the harmful effects it can have on all people, smokers and non-smokers, as well as the environmentRead MoreShould Smoking Be Banned?845 Words   |  4 PagesThe smoking population in London stands around 1.2 million and with such a significant percentage of this city with the habit, it is unsurprising the ban has caused such wide controversy. Without hesitation, I add my voice to the chorus of non-smokers who think this ban goes too far. However, I am not saying that smoking is in any way good as I am extremely aware of the gruesome health risks and unattractive photos of black lungs and lopsided livers that litter the media. I just ask of you Britain;Read MorePublic Health And Social Justice Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesIn public health, as in many fields there are a set of conundrums that practitioners, leaders and law makers have to address in order to provide the most appropriate service to their populations. One of these conundrums is the battle between what is good for the community vs. what is good for the individual. This topic will be broken up to the community vs. the individual, and discussed based on research done by Kass et al, and Oriola, and will be concluded by presenting possible solutions. PublicRead MoreSecondhand Smoking Should Be Illegal1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn our generation smoking still exists even though there are some people who quit smoking and there are some still smoke in ages, however the only problem in our society, people who smoke around youngsters called as well as secondhand smoking is a detective around children and adults. It is important that secondhand smoke shouldn’t be smoking around their own children or underage due to health. Secondhand smoking, tobacco smoke is exhaled by a second smoker or is given off by burning tobacco andRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Banning Public Cigarette Smoking727 Words   |  3 PagesThe Advantages of Banning Public Cigarette Smoking For a long time now many people have different views about smoking in public places. Smokers feel it is their right to smoke where and when they want. On the other hand non-smokers feel smokers violate their rights and endanger their life. Smoking causes heart disease, lung cancer and other serious illnesses. Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. A substantial number of lung cancers that occur in non-smokersRead MoreNationwide Smoking Ban: Smoking Should be Banned in All Public Places899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe public about its dangers in 1972 (Schick Glantz, 2005). Do people knowingly have the right to put others’ health at risk? No, they do not. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a public health risk. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places, nationwide. There has been no attempt to impose a national smoking ban by the U.S. government. All current bans are in place because of state and local legislation. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights lists the various state and local smoking lawsRead MoreTobacco Regulation Act Of 20031309 Words   |  6 PagesI should like to reply in three different aspects: 1. Smoking in Philippine Setting, 2. Related Diseases to Smoking in the Philippines, and 3. Comparison between Philippines and Canada on Smoking 1. Smoking in Philippine Setting A joint collaborative effort of the Republic of the Philippines Department of Health (DOH) and National Statistics Office, through DOH’s100% Smoke-Free Philippines campaign backed by Philippine’s Republic Act 9211, The Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003, conducted two relatedRead MoreSmoking in Public: Banned or Allowed885 Words   |  4 Pagesarea in public places a problem. If you are outside are in close area people are still exposed to the fumes of second hand smoke. Can the option of smoking be left up to the public rather or not an individual should smoke in public. Where does the line end in the rights of a person the right to inhale clean air, the right to excise your right to smoke in public? Non-Smokers have the right to smoke free clean air environment, and smokers have a personal right to smoke in designated smoking areasRead MorePublic Awareness of Smoking and Tobacco663 Words   |  3 PagesPublic awareness about the hazards of smoking is increasing, but it is still important to outline the main health problems that are associated with tobacco use. Tobacco smoking is apparently the most preventable cause of death in the United States, (Smoking: Health Hazards, 2005). The specific hazards of smoking include damage to the lungs, heart, and brain (Smoking: Health Hazards, 2005). According to Martin (2008), There are approximately 4000 chemicals in cigarettes, hundreds of which are

Feminism is simply a sociological theory, which states...

Feminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is mainly concerned with giving rights to women by highlighting the numerous ways in which women have rendered to society. Feminist theorists believe in the social, political, and economic equality of genders and believe that each has his own rights as well as duties. They strive to give the oppressed women their full rights that are being taken every day. History of Feminism Feminism first started in the 1830’s as a basic sociological theory, saying that sociology did not acknowledge the experiences of women. In 1848, Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott spread the first Women’s Rights Convention in the birthplace of feminism, Seneca Falls, NY,†¦show more content†¦Thus people will interpret the symbolism in female’s writings and it will be no longer ignored by the manly point of view. Feminist Literature Feminist literature is basically any literal work that concentrates on the women’s daily struggle against sexism and discrimination. It emerged in the 1970’s during the first and second waves of feminism. It was concerned with the representation of women’s poor condition in literature. Most of these works follow a straightforward approach towards gender equity. Some men who understood feminism’s needs also contributed in feminist literature. Some works were fictional while others were non-fictional. The more one reads a feminist work, the greater is the desire to read more about this interesting topic. One will fall into sympathy with this harsh struggle for women’s rights. In the modern feminist literature, the hassle against this man-dominated society became more direct and explicit, where women summoned for equality in education, politics and the work force. Examples of Feminist Literates Bell Hooks (bell hooks as she prefers her name to be written) is one of the most common feminist literates. She is a professor at the City University of NY. Hooks’s literal works are focused on the gender’s politics where she fights against sexism. She raises serious issues facing feminists at meantime such as violence, reproductive rights, and education byShow MoreRelatedFeminist Theory2762 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of time women have been considered inferior to men, which seem to proceed to affect everyday lives of all social beings in this world. Women have a disease, a disease that will prevent them for ever having the political drive to achieve political, social or economic opportunities men have. This disease is the need for independency and self-respect or the lack there of. This is what we have come to know as feminism. Feminism refers to the body of thought on the causeRead MoreMarxism, Feminism And The Works Of Max Weber1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe following essay is an attempt to explain and evaluate Marxism, Feminism and the works of Max Weber. I will also attempt to relate each of these different sociological explanations to contemporary society. According to Karl Marx (1818-1883) all the struggles of all societies throughout history are due to confrontations of power and exploitation. Marx believed that all societies had divisions of class and therefore inequality as a result of capitalism. He believed that capitalism would alwaysRead MoreOutline and Assess the Five Main Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology2024 Words   |  9 PagesOutline and assess the five main theoretical perspectives of sociology Marxism Marxism is the political philosophy and practice resulting from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Any political practice or theory that is based on an interpretation of the works of Marx and Engels may be called Marxism. Under capitalism, the proletariat, the working class own only their capacity to work meaning they have the ability only to sell their own labour. According to Marx a class is definedRead MoreForegrounding of Feminism in A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesForegrounding of Feminism in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, shows a family trip to Florida which end to an unexpected death at the end of the story. In the progression of this story, O’Connor has presented women as naà ¯ve with graceful images. Women are presented as the weaker sex while men are given more importance and powerful roles. In this regard this story can be viewed as feministic point of view. Feminism is self-awarenessRead Morefactors that contributed to the rise and development of sociology1511 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay serves to outline the factors that contributed to the rise of sociology and the latter`s development. In simply terms, sociology is the scientific study of the society and human behavior. The emergence of sociology traces back to the eighteenth century up to present day. Johnson (1998) suggests that in summary, the rise and development of sociology is based on political, economic, demographic, social and scientific changes. Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginningRead MoreConflicting Perspectives of the Ideal Family Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages Task 1: ‘Functionalist accounts of the family underestimate the extent of conflict within families’. Discuss with reference to relevant sociological theories and examples. The Functionalist sociologist, Murdock (1949) defined the ‘family as a social group characterised by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction’ (Sociology In Focus p62). He claimed it must include adults of both sexes of whom maintain a socially accepted sexual relationship, and own or adopted, of theRead MoreKarl Marx And The Rise Of Capitalism1911 Words   |  8 Pagesstarted the call for an empirical approach to social science. Theorizing about the rise of modernity accompanied by the decline in traditional societies and advocating for a change in the means of production in order to enable social justice. Marx’s theories on modernity reveals his beliefs of modern society as being influenced by the advancement of productive forces of modern industry and the relationships of production between the capitalist and the wage laborers. The concept of modernity refers toRead MoreAssess the contribution of feminist sociologists to an understanding of fam ily roles and relationships.1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different schools of feminism such as Marxist, liberal and radical feminism, who share the view that women are oppressed in a patriarchal society but differ in opinion on who benefits from the inequalities. Each school of feminism has their own understanding of family roles and relationships which I will assess through this essay. Firstly one must look at the division of domestic labour and conjugal roles. Conjugal roles refer to the roles performed by men and women in relation to houseworkRead MoreFeminism, By Kenneth Allan2473 Words   |  10 PagesFeminism To begin, what is feminism? Feminism has many meanings. Author Kenneth Allan believes that feminism is idea based that is an intrinsic to mankind, especially women, in that they want to feel a part of society and the social structure as well as contribute to social issues or political matters. Allan goes on to state that feminism is the â€Å"idea about equal rights of women that began around the enlightenment around 1792† (Allan, 2013). In that time Mary Wollstonecraft was a pioneerRead MoreFeminism, By Kenneth Allan2563 Words   |  11 Pagesredefined. Many women wanted change and greater roles in society which lead to a movement that eventually questioned and blurred the lines between who the head of the household is and traditional gender roles. This paper will explore what is feminism, what exactly is gender and sex, is gender important, is the role of the male and female really important in today’s society and finally, why must man be men and women be woman? Feminism To begin, what is feminism? Feminism has many meanings

Event Operations Management

Question: Examine the licences and requirements for various types of events. Discuss the techniques for analysing events and management. Answer: Introduction The procedure or activities undertaken by an organization to plan and organize an event is referred to as event management. Being an event manager in ABC London event Co. the number of objectives for managing the entire event includes responsibilities like assignment of roles, ownership of processes and tools, critical analysis of the success factors, standard evaluation and event handling procedures (Aisbett et al. 2015). It is essential to research and evaluate the likelihood of its success before investing a lot of money and time into event. Besides the crucial aspects of budget and funding sources, venue plays the major role in its accomplishment (Sorokina, 2015). Moreover, a venue needs to be chosen respective to the suitability of the events concept. Regardless of the type of event, the location and venues are assessed based on various factors such as License and Legal issues, health and safety, risk management, waste management, supply chain management, Sustainability, CSR, etc(Beaven et al. 2014). Being an event manager, there has always been a preference for Indoor events that would draw attention to Musical events and Film festivals. Music festivals are usually sponsored during the year at various locations in UK (Brown, 2014). These music festivals as an indoor event is likely include activities and entertainment, educational or informational programs, food, social performances, etc. Kensington Town Hall the chosen indoor venues for the music events (Tim and Janes, 2014). While in the process, a number of objectives have been analyzed to evaluate the final outcome of an indoor event. Floor Plan for Indoor Musical Festival Building code legislation put forward specifications and standards to prevent excess crowd at indoor events. This code stipulates, rather restrict the total number of audiences allowed within the indoor events; however, this is calculated on exit widths and floor spaces. The maximum capacity allowances may also be nominated based on the liquor license. As an event manager in ABC London events co. a floor plan for indoor musical festival at Kensington Town Hall is provided below: Great Hall Small Hall It consist of 470 seats It consist of 150 seats Great Hall Foyer consist of 200 seats It consist of 100 seats Kensington Town Hall takes regular bookings for events such as musical festivals, Film festivals, wedding and social events. The hall can provide seating arrangement upto 470 audiences at the big hall. It has 300 seats in storage for availability during emergencies. Stage Hall Height Width Depth Screen Great Hall 1.24m 4 5.0m 159 17m 547 8.3m(wide)* 6.2m(high) Small Hall 0.55m 110 7.5m 224 5m 1011 4.0m(wide)* 2.3m(high) The Kensington Hall is available for hire between 8 in the morning to 2 at night. It is licensed to sell liquor 11 am and 2am between Monday to Saturday. Since the venue is being hired for musical concert, the music can be played from the time of booking and it should be turned off 1 hour the hire period ends. All equipments are included within the price package of hire. To display the features of event, a banner is hanged at the exterior wall of Great Hall facing the fort court. The measurement of banner is kept within the 21 * 28. Arrangement of the signage is considered essential in events planning process. License and Legal issues Local government of UK is the chief organization involved with the event management programs. It encompasses variety of statutory responsibilities across a number of legislation. Local government is primarily concerned with the consequences of a particular event affecting neighboring community (Aisbett et al.2015). A number of approvals is presented as examples required by the event managers for their event. Public Building Approval This approval certificate links suitability of facilities in respect to specific areas, buildings, marquees, spectator stands that demands individual approvals. Event planning approval It is approval certificate to vary land use. Whether the event is indoor or outdoor, it is needed to be conducted on a site that is not in compliance with the town planning requirements (Beaven et al. 2014). In this case, the local government might ask for separate planning approval. Government does not require a formal planning application in order to approve one-off events in case of indoor plans. Thus in this case, the musical event is planned in indoor system, than in outdoor, that consider numerous legal procedures. Liquor License The liquor control act deals with the approval to supply or sell liquor at the event. Mention in the section 8 of alcohol management, before it is intended to sell or supply liquor in an event, it is mandatory to get a liquor license or variation to the existing license approved by the director of liquor licensing (Brown, 2014). Noise Regulation If an event exceeds the assigned noise levels then it is subjected to noise pollution. In order to meet the assigned level of noise, many events fail to reach the expectations of viewers. However, a set of conditions can be approved from the local governments in case of non-complying events (Giorgio and Mancini, 2014).The application must be presented before 60 days attached with applications fees. Food and Drink Regulation Food vendors participating in an event are required to be registered with the local government or enforcement agency (Guido et al. 2015). The vendor must display a certificate of registration or endorsement notification for the specified locations. The drink and food outlets located at the event venue should approve permission by the local government before 14 working days and must comply with the recent food act. Being an event manager, it is always an important duty to check for individual approvals obtained by the vendors for temporary food stalls. By considering all of the above regulations, the licensing and legal rules for noise, food and drinks are lenient and within the reach. Local government has implemented lesser acts for musical festivals or any other events organized in indoor venues (Joany, 2014). This being a major factor, indoor venue has been chosen accomplish the event successfully. Liquor licensing division is the place from where the license for liquor permission is obtained. Even registration must be obtained Queensland Licensing commission, atleast 3 business days before the event takes place. Risk Management Risk management is an extremely essential in case of events especially no matter if its occurring indoor or outdoor. The first step to manage risks involves the analysis of areas, rather event venues where losses can occur. The risk management is not only limited to safety issues rather it ensure that the event is being conducted in the safest manner (Morgeson et al.2015). Even if something unfortunate happen, the loss would not impact the organization financially or publicly. Risk assessment primarily include the four general areas of losses occurs associated with event failure. They are: Personnel Property Liability Income The combination of individual risk factors is extremely is essential to determine the degree of risk in an event. However, the sudden whether changes may incur various risks for which the event management is prepared. An event is occupied with lots of risks and uncertainties such as equipment failure, power failure, stampede, withdrawal of sponsorship, medical emergency, etc. Thus risk management is essential at very stage. The following steps are taken to manage risk: Conduct legal operation in compliance with agreements related to facility of owners and service providers(Tim and Janes,2014). Reduction in the cost of insurance to avoid jeopardizing the eligibility for insurance coverage Meeting of financial goals by generating net income from special events to accomplish the organizational mission and objectives(Guido et al. 2015). Risk management at times can be perceived as a part of non-profit responsibility, by offering musical or social events to meet community needs Avoid the chances of event cancellation that may become disastrous for an ongoing effort and ruin the relationship among various stakeholders (Sorokina, 2015). Health and Safety In compliance with the health and safety law, event management has legal requirement in order to undertake risk assessment of various hazards. These hazards could harm the health and safety concerns of the staff and members attending the event. There should be a compact working relationship between the police and security personnel of the local government (Beaven et al. 2014). The Officer-In-Charge of the local police station must be provided with a notice with a declaration of the event venue, location, and number of people attending. It is important to develop a security plan backed with security provider. The security staffs are briefed with the details of event venue layout, first aid points, exit and entrances, potential hazards in order to protect the Health and safety concerns of the staff and viewers (Robert, 2014). According to the Private security Act 2004, Crowd controllers must be present at all times with the complete awareness of their securities. Being an event manager, it becomes the key responsibility to ensure that security staff and crowd controllers conduct as regular patrols of car parks, toilets and specially the areas where the chances of illicit drug activities and unlawful behavior is high(Joany,2014). A systematic approach should be implemented to control the health and safety hazards of staff and viewers. This can be done in respect to the physical characteristics of the venue, (i.e. different policies for indoor and outdoor venues), behavior of audience, nature of performances and technical installations. Events must have adequate safety measures such as: Fire hydrants Portable fire extinguishers Hose reels Entry, exit and access routes. Supply chain management Depending on the size of event and venue, the contractors and sub-contractors are employed to undertake tasks of construction, tearing down of temporary structures, installation and maintenance of services to respective site. However, Kensington Town Hall and Chelsea Old Town hall is an indoor venue and represent enclosed structures, thus the requirement of construction is negligible. Event Management business are significant networking organizations that have interdependent stakeholders. The stakeholders need to develop trust and bonding between their relationships, especially with the suppliers for mutual benefits (Giorgio and Mancini, 2014). Necessity of a fair-trade event management considers a transparent supply chain. To gain complete visibility of the end-to-end process across the geographical boundaries, it is essential to incorporate firm supply chain management(Robert,2014). Potential supply chain monitors and manages events across the distributed processes including inventories, assets. For a significant build up of the event, it is important to appoint contractors adhere to the working procedures on the indoor site. Structural engineer ensure construction of temporary structure built respective to specifications. Contractors should be adhere to the safe and hazard free supply of materials, installation and maintenance responsibilities (Brown, 2014). Maintenance of proper coordination with purchasers who buy event services, adding value to the agencies constitutes integrated services, compatibility with suppliers conduct, technical expertise, etc. Effective communication between agencies is important to encourage creative concepts and event coordination. Event safety officer is responsible to work out safe systems of work and Supervise at the same time. The event organizer incorporates extensive logistics for smooth and hassle-free supply of materials and equipments. Waste management In a community festival, rather a in a musical show, a large crowd of audience come together to enjoy, however, the event generates huge amount of waste, much of it is recyclable. Being an event manager, it is important to plan waste management in order to reduce waste and maximize recycling. The types of wastes littered by audiences in musical concerts are paper, bottle and cans, food, soiled wastes, etc(Guido et al. 2015). The main elements included by an event manager in waste reduction planning include the following: It is important to gather support from various parties involved in the event. Event organizers, venue management, vendors serving at the event to waste haulers as appropriate. Identify the waste controllers and determine the coordinators ready to implement recycling efforts. Evaluation of event waste team composition. Designing a system that would collect, sort and transport the trash and recyclables and trash. It becomes an essential concern to educate and train the recycling staff, participants, vendors and attendees(Giorgio and Mancini, 2014). Consultation with local organizations is an effective approach to generate successful recycling programs. The waste management groups are: Local food banks Recycling coordinator of local companies Community conservations corporations The following waste management programs are implemented to reduce littering: Minimizing the use of plastics, specially used for packaging purpose Reduction in the weight and volume of waste materials. Advice the events managers and viewers to purchase long-lasting and recyclable products, or products made of recyclable materials(Robert,2104). Reselling of used products or materials after recycling Recycle of marketable materials CSR and Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility in any form of events helps the organization to implement green functions and approach that ensure sustainability of the company and community. The company ensures Corporate Social responsibility in various levels that ranges widely. Special Event professionals instill professionals, ethics and environmental standards in the industry and play a significant part in societal improvement (Morgeson et al.2015). Corporate Social Responsibilities can be developed on various grounds as follows: Environmental Footprints Being an event manager, there would always be an extra effort to gain organizational sustainability. Environmental foot print is the first step to approach towards it. In order to reduce the event footprint, recycling programs are developed using energy efficient technologies for video, sound and lighting(Joany,2014). Set backdrops and decors should be designed by utilizing recyclable materials Electronic signage, smart phone event applications is introduced to reduce foot prints Menu is prepared using local produce, poultry, dairy, farm fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, etc(Tim and Janes,2014). Reputed event management companies design sustainable centerpieces and flower decorations using local flowers and plants rather than importing non-native flowers. Charity Appointment of team volunteers to conduct various charities throughout the year. There should be at least one support to charity by accommodating the requirements of their specific event production (Giorgio and Mancini, 2014). There can be a support of livestock for villages in underdeveloped countries as a corporate social responsibility. Responsibility for industry Special event boards are needed to be developed by event managers such as International special even society, etc. Often the adoption of CSR depends on the degree of voluntarism. A fair-trade can be practiced by making a positive impact on consumers, producers and environment(Sorokin,2015). As an event manager, an idealistic stance can be adopted that can enlighten self-interest besides being socially responsible. Conclusion The reasons why indoor event is preferable here as compared to outdoor event considered in details below: Outdoor venues as a site choice and preparation are particularly difficult to lead a successful event. Events like musical festivals sufficiently large space to accommodate the huge size of audience. In order to combat the various legal issues and Noise regulations, indoor space can prove to be beneficial. The musical festival is best suited on an indoor site, The Kensington Town Hall that provides better floor conditions, provision of services, access routes, etc. Indoor venues reduce various environmental constraints such as reduction in noise pollution for the houses and workplaces close to the venue. Comparison between indoor and outdoor event: Climatic changes Climatic changes play a major role in determining indoor sites over outdoor venues. If the musical event is taking place in summer, the extreme heat may spoil the mood of event. Indoor venues like Kensington Town Hall make the event alluring and desirable. Great Hall and Small Hall is equipped with 5-star Air-conditions making the ambience comfortable. Bad weather and Natural Climatic disasters such as thunder, lightening, rain can ruin the entire decorations of the event. There is no worry about sudden change in weather or temperature at indoor events that caters a controlled atmosphere with no interference of outside atmosphere. The biggest advantage of indoor venue is that, the event can be arranged at any time of the year be it winter, summer, night or day. Outdoor events require backup plans for sudden weather changes which can even increase the final cost. Hazards Outdoor venues are subjected to more hazards, pollution due to an open space area. Most of the outdoor sites have steep slopes, kerbs or uneven grounds in which the audiences can trip. Under foot and weather conditions can be never be avoided in case of outdoor events. Hence, selection of indoor venue is always a better option for event managers. Comments by event professionals through social media On discussion with various event professionals, a number of attributes points up. Social media sites or discussion forums is an added advantage for event professionals that helps them to gain numerous ideas, ventures, collaborations that would lead the event successful. A number of attributes have considered in details: Adding value to the event via participation Events has progressed a long way by linear sharing of knowledge from one attendees to all who would like to potentially join as a participant in upcoming events (Sorokina, 2015). Attendee itself is a passive term that facilitates the opportunity to comment critique, comment and publicize the event to their friends, contacts and followers. Participants add value to the event by spreading word of mouth. Aid event operations by opening a back channel According to the event professionals, social media act as a back channel to aid the management of events(Morgeson et al.2015). Tweets and facebook comments spread the scenario of various events taking place, allocation of room, space, decorations, musical legends took part in the event, the response of crowd, etc. Social Media- An event promotion tool Social Media is being described as the Word of Mouth Steroid in terms of promoting events. Event gets promoted in social media channels provide exposure to thousands of followers(Aisbett et al. 2015). The other way round, the cost of targeting this percentage of followers would have exceeded the budget. Social comments revolving around your event would constantly contribute to publicity. Thus social media act as a key to success for the event no matter it is designed for outdoor or indoor. Recommendations Recommendations for event management companies would include the following aspects primarily. They are: Identification of challenge- It is recommended to analyze the social and political system, capital market, labor criteria, and degree of opportunities in the place you are planning the event. Industry analysis- Identify the potential competitors, analyze their performance to evaluate the competence. Build Network- Collaborate with established Multinationals to gain instant recognition. Find reliable event management agencies that would help you getting authorizations. Ally with event agencies that offer integrated service, organize logistics, etc. Hire skilled personnel- Employ staffs with specific event management skills. However, do not restrict your focus on global attributes but develop global tiers. Handle cultural and social issues- Adapt events that will suit the local tastes, however, keep the core values in mind. Reference List Aisbett, Laura, and Russell Hoye(2015). 'Human Resource Management Practices To Support Sport Event Volunteers'. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 'Australian Event Symposium (2012)Industry Think Tank: Issues Impacting The Future Growth And Development Of The Australian Event Industry'. Event Management 18.4 (471-472.) Beaven, Zuleika, and Chantal Laws(2014). 'Service Quality In Arts Events: Operations Management Strategies For Effective Delivery'. Event Management 10.4 209-219. Brown, S. (2014): 'Emerging Professionalism In The Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective'. Event Management 18.1. 15-24. Ellert, Guido et al. (2015): 'Expect The Unexpected '. Int J Event and Festival Mngt 6.1 54-72. Grima, J. (2014): 'Going Beyond The Manual : The Practicum Host Experience With Event Management Students'. Event Management 18.4. Locatelli, G., and Mauro M. (2014): 'Controlling The Delivering Of Projects In Mega-Events: An Application On Expo 2015'. Event Management 18.3. Morgeson, F., T. Mitchell, and D. Liu. (2015) 'EVENT SYSTEM THEORY: AN EVENT-ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATIONAL SCIENCES'. Academy of Management Review): O'Halloran, Robert M.(2014) 'Event Sponsorship'. Tourism Management 43 (): 68-69. Otteman, T., and Patty J. (2014) 'It Is Time? Ending A Long-Term Event'. Event Management 18.3: 369-376. Robertson, Martin, Olga J., and L. Lockstone-Binney(2014). 'Introduction: Professionalization And Event Management'. Event Management 18.1: Sorokina, N.( 2015 )'Sustainable Event Management: A Practical Guide'. Tourism Management 47: 77-78. Ziakas, V., and Nikolaos B. (2014): 'Contextualizing Phenomenology In Event Management Research'. Int J Event and Festival Mngt 5.1.56-73. O'Toole, W.. (2014) Event Project Management. Wiley Sons Canada, Limited, John,. Print. Caballini, Claudia et al. (2014) 'An Event-Triggered Receding-Horizon Scheme For Planning Rail Operations In Maritime Terminals'. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst. 15.1 : 365-375. Caprara, Alberto et al. 'Delay-Robust Event Scheduling'. (2014) Operations Research 62.2: 274-283. Doraid D., (2015). 'LSP-Constrained Supply Chains: A Discrete Event Simulation Model'. RAIRO-Oper. Res. (): Kropotov, Juri D., and Valery A. Ponomarev. (2015) 'Differentiation Of Neuronal Operations In Latent Components Of Event-Related Potentials In Delayed Match-To-Sample Tasks'. Psychophysiol: Nash, Robert T. (1969) 'Event Classification'. Operations Research 17.1: 70-84. Web. Robinson, S. (2014 )'Modelling Without Queues: Adapting Discrete-Event Simulation For Service Operations'. Journal of Simulation. Zobel, Christopher W., and Lara K. (2014): 'Characterizing Multi-Event Disaster Resilience'. Computers Operations Research.42 83-94. Fang, Ji, George Q. Huang, and Zhi Li. (2013) 'Event-Driven Multi-Agent Ubiquitous Manufacturing Execution Platform For Shop Floor Work-In-Progress Management'. International Journal of Production Research 51.41168-1185. Grny, A. (2014) 'Influence Of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) On Safety Culture'. Management 18.1: Jonikas, D.(2012). 'VALUE CREATION THROUGH CSR AT STAKEHOLDERS LEVEL'. ecoman 17.2.

Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Environmental Assessment and Land. Answer: Introduction: The significance of external environment is very important while making strategies during the launch of a new product. It is also necessary for making timely alteration in the existing strategies to maintain the gained potential. Nevertheless, external environmental analysis is very important for attaining a sustained business performance. External environment analysis is important while planning the strategies. It provides adequate information on various factors, which affects the business operation in the local country. Various factors are political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal (Yksel 2012). Nevertheless, every single aspect influences the business operation. The success of any business depends hugely on all the mentioned aspects (Ho 2014). For example, if any business has violated some ethical commitments such as failing to pay the minimum wages, the particular action would attract legal proceedings against the organization. This is harmful for both the r eputation of the company and its business operation. The business operation from here after would be under strict surveillance of various restrictions imposed by the local government. Corporate social responsibility has now become a widely practiced operation for numerous reputed companies. They have concerns for CSR because they understand the wastages that their business is producing such as the emission of carbon-di-oxide (CO2) is harmful for the living creature. The rising awareness for environment friendly business practice in common people has forced various companies to become environment friendly (Rapoport 2016). The fact clearly states the effect of changing perceptions for environment on the business practice of various organizations. External environment analysis can be done with the help of various techniques such as PESTLE STEEPLE analysis and Porters Five Forces Model. External environment analysis helps an organization to be specific with the customers requirement, w hich is very necessary to avoid business losses. On other hand, the internal environmental analysis can be done with the help of SWOT analysis of the companys existing business operation. This is necessary to identify the strategy related failure if there is any (Craig and Campbell 2012). This is important for a sustained business performance as this provides a strategic control to an organization over its exiting operation. Analyzing the major external environmental changes Political Political environment is confusing Opposition parties are very aggressive that also discourage the government from taking any initiatives Economic Hong Kong is economically stronger in financial services GDP growth rate is affected in recent time Social Imported goods have comparative lesser tax duties imposed on those, which makes those suitable to the local public Diverse nature of shoppers in the city favors both the budget as well as the luxury budget Technology Unlike China, Hong Kong government has not imposed any censorship on internet use, which means all the services in the Western countries would also be available in the city as well Setting up business in Hong Kong is relatively easier Environmental Growing population density in the city has elevated the pollution level in Hong Kong Growing population is encouraging an elevated construction of closely placed towers, which is a threat for free air Legal Minimum wage law is in favor of low income earner Working hours are variable, which is more in support of higher position holder Figure 1: PESTLE analysis Source: (created by author) The external environment in Hong Kong is a mix of different variables of which some are supporting the business operation of 759 Store. The political situation in Hong Kong is very unfavourable to growth because opposition parties oppose aggressively to the government projects (Shiu-hing 2016). The economic growth is reduced to some extent at present; however, it is expected to grow by the end of 2018. Financial services are the highest supporting resource for the economic growth (Mathews and Yang 2012). People in Hong Kong have passions for shopping and they are open to any format such as expensive products to budgeted products (Waters and Leung 2013). This is very useful for the 759 Company as it would continue to help the business of the company. Internet use is not censored, which would help the 759 Company to enhance its business connectivity with the different countries such as with its suppliers in Japan (Naughton 2012). The increasing numbers of population density and the inc rementing numbers of closely connected towers are supporting the increase of pollution such as air pollution (Ng et al. 2012). The minimum wage for low income earners is given high importance but it lacks in duty hours for the lower designated labours. They are needed to work for longer than the normal duty hours (Davis 2016.). Appropriate tools analyzing the current business plans Following tools can be used to analyze the current market position of the 759 Store: Sales figure- This can effectively help to analyze the current business position of the company. The sales figure would help to differentiate the companys position from its competitors. This would tell about the effectiveness of its products in comparison to its products (Kew and Stredwick 2017). The 759 Store has maintained a stunning growth in its sales figure as it records a powerful 10.6 percent growth in its sales figure every year (Inside Retail 2017). Survey with customers- Conducting surveys with the customers are another very useful way that helps gain a good knowledge about the products popularity in the market (Cassidy 2016). This can be done by offering customers feedback forms provided to them after they finish their shopping. Customers can also be asked to participate in an online product review system where customers can rate the purchased product based on their experiences. The 759 Store has challenged the business of major supermarkets with its sheer business growth. The expansion of its stores from 60 to 180 is indeed worth mentioning. It is witnessing stunning growth in its business as well where other retailers are facing losses (Bschool.cuhk.edu.hk 2017). However, the appreciating Japanese Yen has forced the company to shut its few stores for compensating the losses generated by the incremented purchasing costs. Positioning some stores close to each other just to reduce the rental charges to provide cost effective products to customers Imports approximately around 30 % of the snacks from Japan that helps as well to keep the products pricing low Within a span of only 6 years, the company had achieved an exceptional feat where the company is even challenging the business of various super markets Good relationship with the suppliers in Japan Positioning some stores close to each other is one of their strategies that have helped the company effectively to cut down on its sales price. A reduced sales price is one of their strength that has helped the company see a homogenous growth within just a span of 6 years (Johnston and Bate 2013). It imports 30% of the snacks from Japan, which helps them offer cheap prices for the products that are also good in quality. It took a very short span of time for positioning it at a solid position in the market. It is capable of making profits even during such times where many other fail to maintain their previous performance. Making good relationships with the suppliers in Japan is one of their strategies that have enabled them offer cheaper prices to the customers (Slack 2015). This is necessary to keep the relationship going, which on other hand is one of the keys of 759 Store that helps them offer products at cheaper prices. Following are some of the weaknesses of the 759 Store: Inability to maintain the offerings of products at the cheapest prices because of Japanese Yen fluctuation Less availability on the advertisements stunts The fluctuation of the Japanese Yen such as appreciation makes it tough for 759 Store to maintain the offerings of products at the cheapest prices. The appreciated value of Yen increases the purchasing cost for the company. Therefore, they have also cut down on their offered prices to avoid the company from any losses (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The contemporary business world takes a full advantage of different advertisement stunts to catch the attention of media and customers. However, the 759 Store is yet to consider the importance of advertisement stunts. Needs of stakeholders and their expectations are mutually connected to each other by means of operational process of organization. Organizations need stakeholders for their business whereas the stakeholders have their certain stakeholders with the organizations (MahazrilAini, Hafizah and Zuraini 2012). The concept would be clear after understanding the different stakeholders and their purpose of being with the organization. Following are some stakeholders that an organization in general used to have: Customers- They are the main reason behind the establishment of a business as the sales of products depend hugely on their behaviour. Consumers on other hand expect the organization to offer quality products, which has values for the money spent on it (Mueller and Naffziger 2015). Suppliers- They are the one who actually supply the required materials to the organization. Organizations need diverse range of suppliers, so that, they could make selections of their required suppliers for offering cost effective products to customers. Suppliers on other hand need a good offer to their materials. They also need regular demands of materials, which is necessary for their regular business (Jenster and Silen 2013). Employees- They are the valuable asset of an organization. Employers need employees for the commencement of the projects. Employees need the salary offered to them for their works (Aldehayyat and Al Khattab 2012). Local government- Business do contribute in the gross GDP growth in a country. An elevating business growth would certainly help the parent country with an elevated GDP. The local government of a country does expect an elevating business performance from top contributing companies (Namada and Bagire 2013). Stakeholder needs and expectations of 759 Store The 759 Store needed a good response from its customers to prove their business a worth in the market. Customers have responded to the urgency that was once felt by the company. The customers responses have made this a highly progressive company that makes an approximate 10% profit every year. On other hand, 759 Stores has also provided good quality products to customers at the cheapest prices. Customers expect that the company keep on offering the quality products at the cheapest prices. The company has its suppliers in Japan as well, from where it receives 30% of their snacks. Suppliers need a healthy business option from the company, which the 759 Store is efficiently providing. However, the company needs some additional suppliers who could provide supports for some additional services such as occasional gifts, products sample and repackaging of the products. The company needs some experienced employees that could raise their future capabilities. This is very necessary to stay ali ve in front of big companies that are getting attracted towards Hong Kong. They also need some fresh talents for their future promotional stunts. Employees expect a fair deal of payment of wages. The 759 Store indeed pays wages to its employees appropriately. The Ansoff matrix Model helps to determine existing strategic options for an organization. It is composed of four quadrants such as market penetration, product development, market development and diversification. Market penetration describes the level of penetration that the existing product line has attained so far. Product development states the development of new products, which organization does when they intend to enter new market. Market development is the making of strategies for an entrance into the new market. Diversification is the process of offering diverse products to suit the needs of different types of customers of the target market (Darvish and Temelie 2014). The 759 Store is into the diversified stage because it is engaged in developing several other kinds of products. With the help of these new products, the company has actually entered into a new market. The company has targeted diverse customers with its diverse products such as Millennials with cosmetics. Strategic plan for the company: According to the Porters generic strategy there are three ways of approach: cost leadership, differentiation and target or focus. Focus has been further divided in two parts cost focus and differentiation focus. The strategy that should be implemented by 759 stores is differentiation in terms of the products the store has been selling groceries and snack items as a part of product differentiation it can incorporate a section in the store that sold books and stationary items (Jenster and Silen 2013). New products to be introduced- The Company as a part of the differentiation strategy can involve the stationery items section in the stores where school and office supplies will be available along with magazines and newspapers. This will help the company to connect with some of the customers on a regular basis that would further build customer relationship and create value for the organisation in the long run. Improved promotional stunts- They need to take full use of the promotional stunts that are traditionally popular in order to install a changed brand image form just grocery items to stationery items as well. Some of the popular promotional stunts are such as PR event, online advertising etc. They can choose their choice of advertisement strategy according to their needs and its feasibility with the management capabilities (Agyapong and Muntaka 2012). The promotional strategy will be focused on the new products and the essence of the promotion will be daily encounters and being a part of the daily life of the people. Comparative understanding of activity The 759 Store is different to other organizations in its strategy. The company never thought of competing with big stores such as Wellcome, ParknShop, Mannings, Watsons and 711. This is because these stores belong to mighty competitors such as Dairy Farm Holdings and A.S. Watson Group. The company indeed bought stock directly from Tokyo. The company felt it safe to be at distant to its competitors, which is contrary to the competitive rivalry in the same industry. They rather believed in delivering the best to their customers by establishing their own place in market. To serve the purpose, the CEO Mr. Lam did personally move to Japan to approach some suppliers. The deal did eventually help the company get 30% of snacks from Japan at the lower than the price offered by the suppliers in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, during the hard times where other stores of the same industry struggled to maintain a healthy grow in their revenues, the 759 Store did it convincingly. Moreover, the company en joys an approximate growth of 10% every year in its total earned revenues (Jenster and Silen 2013). On the basis of the above analysis the company is found to be able to diversify in the product segment. As the strategy is opted to invest in a section of products the company should prepare for the same: Needs of suppliers- They need new suppliers and contacts of the segment that is being added to the line of products, the supplies the company will choose should offer them sample of the products. This is necessary to have a trial of the products before selling those to the consumers. This would help detect any quality related failure. Moreover, this is necessary to maintain a good reputation in the market. (Lake 2012). Reducing the operating expenses- They need to reduce the expenses made on operation. Operating expenses can be reduced with the help of some strategies such as outsourcing of some business operations. This would help the 759 Store avail their required products at a reduced rate. This would enhance their capability to meet with the rising demand of customers, as they would now have an additional centre of resource for their products (Nartisa, Putans and Muravska 2012). Stakeholder engagement plan The strategy that has been taken involves stakeholders such as employees, suppliers and customers. Suppliers: In order to engage the suppliers in this differentiation of products process the company has to offer a new agreement where stationery items have to be incorporated. Contacts have to be made with new suppliers in order to have a regular supply of newspapers as well as magazines regularly. Along with local newspaper some of the national newspapers should also be made available in order to cater to the demand of the target market (Ebner 2013). Employees: The employees of the company are accustomed to the old products that are available in the store but they have to learn about the new items that are being introduced. A team meeting should be conducted to involve the employees in the differentiation process so that they get a heads up about what changes are going to be made. The employees can also be made aware of the types of items that are going to be incorporated in the new sections so that they can easily guide the customers. Customers: For any organisation the customers are the most important stakeholders, the customers have to engage with the change with the help of promotional activities especially traditional methods of marketing and communication. The future organizational strategy would be implemented in the organization with the help of following resources implementation: Following would be the required human resources for the future strategy: Recruitment of fresh employees needed for the new section of product that is to be introduced, the people will be hired by a interview and selection procedure Recruitment of experienced employees to enhance the capabilities of 759 Stores workforces, which would also be done through recruitment selection process. This recruitment will be for higher managerial position Making relationships with some new suppliers, which can be done by approaching some trusted consultancy. Moreover, they would help the 759 Store to get their desired supplier (Aldehayyat and Al Khattab 2012) The proposed future strategy would require significant investments to be made on the recruitment, infrastructure and suppliers. For product differentiation and addition of choice more shelves space will be required, the new suppliers will be made in order to get new product in the line. The agreement with the new suppliers will require contracts and investment. The people who will be hired to cater to the new product section would require significant spending on the trainings required for the hired fresh talents as well. They would also need to pay a significant sum to the consultancies, which would supply them their required new suppliers (Namada and Bagire 2013). Measures of implementation of the strategy For a company to involve in differentiation of product means a lot of application of financial as well as HR resources as discussed above. The steps that are to be taken in the process of differentiation are: Hiring of new people for sales purpose Hiring experienced people on the management level Investment in the infrastructure of the stores to accommodate the new products as new shelves space and additional area also may have to be added to the store Contacting the suppliers of the new product Coming in to an agreement with the new suppliers of the business there should be a number of suppliers for newspapers; magazine and stationery items. Creating more contacts and reputation in order to leave scope for future expansion and growth (Slack 2015). Tasks June July August September October November December January February Gathering of information Development of strategy Strategy review Plan implementation Figure 1: Scheduling of different tasks Source: (created by author) The above scheduling of different tasks indicates the planning for the execution of different tasks. According to the scheduling depicted above, the first three months would include the gathering of necessary information of the changing external environment where the 759 Store operates. This would be followed by the development of strategy, which would be adopted to solidify the business operation of the company in the near future. The documented strategy for the future business would then be reviewed by aligning the required changes with the organizational values. After finding the feasibility of the planned strategies with the organizational values and the rest other resources, the planned strategies would be implemented to get the desired results. Organizational values needed for the planned strategy The required organizational values are the set of principles or ways through which an organization can attain the desired vision with the planned future strategies. The required organizational values encourage a participative and an engaging contribution from every stakeholder. This is necessary to attain the desired vision from the planned strategies. The attainment of the vision would be achieved with the help of following steps: Recruiting fresh talents for conducting some promotional stunts, which is one part that are not significantly considered in the 759 Store yet Recruiting experienced workforces that have relevant experience in the retail industry Making relationships with some new suppliers The recruitment of fresh and experienced talents would be done with the help of interview process. The selected candidates would then undergo training process, which would attract a significant investment. The financial department of the 759 Store would then appear in the implementation process. The organizational management would then be needed to search such suppliers that fulfill their changed desire. They can even approach to some consultancy, which can certainly provide the required suppliers to the 759 Store. This is a very convenient way to get the required skill; however, it attracts a significant investment also. Alignment of the values with the existing values The required values for the implementation and execution of the planned strategies are very much in alignment with the existing organizational values. The planned implementation strategy is for the enhancement of 759 Stores future capabilities. This is also for entering into the diversified market with diverse range of products. The enhancement of future capabilities is very much similar to the existing values that support the acquirement of competitive edge by giving cheapest pricing for the offered products. The future capabilities are similar in nature, as this would give a firm competitive edge to the company in the near future. The desire to venture in some other diverse market is again in the line of the existing values. The venturing is nowhere stating any direct competition from the separate competitors of the respective market. This indeed is just to save the company from any unwanted losses from the rising competition in the retail market. The 759 Store actually want to hav e some other options as well to compensate for any unwanted loss in the existing business. Mission statement- To implement a strategy of differentiation of products and items that are sold in the stores, the segment that has been focused on is stationery items along with daily newspaper and magazines Vision statement- To provide the customers with diversified product under one roof at reasonable price (759store.com 2017) Based on SMART objectives following are some future objectives for the next five years for 759 Store: Specific- To attain a notable feat in the diversified market such as stationery items and newspaper Measureable- To increase customer footfall by 20% and sales maximization by 10% Attainable- To engage the customers in new and improved services and more options in the product choice Relevant- To check for the accountability of the strategies with the different resources of the 759 Store such as the financial resources Time bound- To achieve the set target within the next five years Measurement evaluation of the progress of the planned strategies The measurement and evaluation of the progress of the planned strategies can be done with the help of data collection of every year after the implementation has been done. Measurement of the progress would be done every year to check for any improvements the plan needs. Following are some Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the first year, which would help to measure the progress of implemented strategies (Haines 2016): Appreciation in sales figure at the end of every quarter of the year Incrementing positive feedbacks of customers for diverse products in the future such as cosmetics and toys Reducing numbers of negative feedbacks with the deployment of innovative thoughts after the end of every quarter Reviews generation from good to excellent till the end of year The evaluation of the progress of the implemented strategies can be done with the data collection process, which would include the collection of sales figure data at the end of every quarter. If the sales figure has depreciation measured against the desired figure then this would be termed as a negative progress. The negative progress would then be supported with necessary strategies such as the rechecking of the quality of materials from the suppliers to make it happen in the next quarter. If the sales figure show positive trend at the end of every quarter this would be termed as a positive progress. This would further be supported with a sustained participation from every resource such as the human and the financial resources. Measurement evaluation of the success Measurement of the success can be done with the help of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as follows: Attainment of a homogenous sales figure at the end of every fiscal year Elevating graph of sales figure at every annual business report High conversion rates of customers by considering the repurchase Success in diversified market such as in cosmetics and toys The evaluation of the success can be done with the help of annual sales figure. If the sales figure follows an elevating graph at the end of every fiscal year this would be termed as a success. If the graph of sales figure against the time shows a uniform graph this would be termed as a partial failure. Such situation would be assisted with some other strategies such as improving the quality of raw materials or reading the customers perception with the cosmetics and the toys. If the graph shows a declining trend this would be termed as a failure. Such situation would then give place to another thought process for finding the causes behind the failure. References 759store.com. 2017. 759 Store. [online] Available at: https://www.759store.com/shop.php?lang=eng [Accessed 28 Jun. 2017]. Agyapong, A. and Muntaka, A.S., 2012. Strategic planning and performance of businesses in Ghana: A comparative study of micro, small, and large firms.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),11(11), p.1261. Al Shobaki, M.J., Amuna, Y.M.A. and Naser, S.S.A., 2017. Strategic and Operational Planning As Approach for Crises Management Field Study on UNRWA. Aldehayyat, J. and Al Khattab, A., 2012. Strategic planning and organisational effectiveness in Jordanian hotels.International Journal of Business and Management,8(1), p.11. Blatstein, I.M., 2012. Strategic Planning: Predicting or Shaping the Future?.Organization Development Journal,30(2), p.31. Bschool.cuhk.edu.hk. 2017. Spotlight on Coils Lam: Secrets to Compete with Supermarket Giants. [online] Available at: https://www.bschool.cuhk.edu.hk/faculty/cbk/article.aspx?id=67998905 [Accessed 27 Jun. 2017]. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Comino, E. and Ferretti, V., 2016. Indicators-based spatial SWOT analysis: Supporting the strategic planning and management of complex territorial systems.Ecological Indicators,60, pp.1104-1117. Craig, T. and Campbell, D., 2012.Organisations and the business environment. Routledge. Darvish, H. and Temelie, Z.N., 2014. A Study on the Relationship between Succession Planning and Strategic Planning. Case Study: Payame Noor University of Aleshtar.Economic Insights-Trends Challenges,66(1). Davis, M.C., 2016.Constitutional Confrontation in Hong Kong: Issues and Implications of the Basic Law. Springer. Ebner, D., 2013.Formal and Informal Strategic Planning: The Interdependency between Organization, Performance and Strategic Planning. Springer Science Business Media. Gamble, J.E. and Thompson Jr, A.A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Haines, S., 2016.The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Inside Retail. 2017. Stunning growth for 759 Store parent - Inside Retail. [online] Available at: https://insideretail.hk/2016/01/22/stunning-growth-for-759-store-parent/ [Accessed 27 Jun. 2017]. Jenster, P. and Silen, K.S., 2013. The Relationship between Strategic Planning and Company PerformanceA Chinese perspective.Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business,3(1). Johnston, R.E. and Bate, J.D., 2013.The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linking creativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kee-Luen, W., Thiam-Yong, K. and Seng-Fook, O., 2013, February. Strategic planning and business performance: A study of SMEs in Malaysia. InProceedings of 3rd Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference 25-26 February 2013. Kew, J. and Stredwick, J., 2017.Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Lake, N., 2012.The strategic planning workbook. Kogan Page Publishers. Madsen, T.L. and Walker, G., 2015.Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. MahazrilAini, Y., Hafizah, H.A.K. and Zuraini, Y., 2012. Factors affecting cooperatives performance in relation to strategic planning and members participation.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,65, pp.100-105. Mathews, G. and Yang, Y., 2012. How Africans pursue low-end globalization in Hong Kong and Mainland China.Journal of Current Chinese Affairs,41(2), pp.95-120. Mueller, C.B. and Naffziger, D.W., 2015. Strategic planning in small firms: Activity and process realities.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), pp.78-85. Namada, J.M. and Bagire, V.A., 2013. Managerial skills, financial capability and strategic planning in organizations. Nartisa, I., Putans, R. and Muravska, T., 2012. STRATEGIC PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT.European integration studies, (6). Nauffal, D.I. and Nasser, R.N., 2012. Strategic planning at two levels.Planning for Higher Education,40(4), p.32. Naughton, B. ed., 2012.The China circle: Economics and technology in the PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Brookings Institution Press. Ng, E., Chen, L., Wang, Y. and Yuan, C., 2012. A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: an experience from Hong Kong.Building and Environment,47, pp.256-271. Rapoport, A., 2016.Human aspects of urban form: towards a manenvironment approach to urban form and design. Elsevier. Rocha, E.A.G., 2012. The impact of the business environment on the size of the micro, small and medium enterprise sector; preliminary findings from a cross-country comparison.Procedia Economics and Finance,4, pp.335-349. Shiu-hing, L., 2016.The politics of democratization in Hong Kong. Springer. Short, M., Baker, M., Carter, J., Jones, C. and Jay, S., 2013.Strategic environmental assessment and land use planning: an international evaluation. Routledge. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Waters, J. and Leung, M., 2013. A colourful university life? Transnational higher education and the spatial dimensions of institutional social capital in Hong Kong.Population, Space and Place,19(2), pp.155-167. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Yksel, ?., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), p.52.

Small World, or I have not forgotten Review Essay Example

Small World, or I have not forgotten Review Paper Essay on Small World, or I have not forgotten I am twenty one years old. Im young, I do not complain of health, heredity, and I even have a chance to live to old age. I was glad to say that it is ironic, but I am a realist, or at least, I would like those currently appear. Like most people, I live with the subconscious, uncontrolled hope of a dignified old age children, grandchildren, the New Year together, walking along the paths with the one that is still there, and everyone will say, He does not look his age! , etc. etc. with variations in each individual case. But on TV ever twist the transmission of a series of Star of Soviet cinema are mired in poverty, and the money is not saved from cancer, and on the street, in a crowd, no, no yes and notice these transparent old womans eyes, in which only one the human obedience, incapable protect. And under this view you become uncomfortable, youre in a hurry to carry out its ridiculous little hope away. The book Sutera Small world creates a very similar feeling, because it is the story of a man who is unable to defend himself. The plot as a whole is quite simple. Konrad Lang, an old man, three minutes to complete alcoholic, lives in a separate apartment fully provided for rich little family business. From childhood he was a friend and constant companion of the sole heir of the family, but after so many years already rather tired of all the people who worked Conrad said their loved ones, are looking forward to when he is finally sent to the light. But life gives Lang a chance to the very dignified old age. He meets a charming woman stops drinking, becomes himself again And slowly, slowly, step by step, a symptom of a symptom is gaining momentum is that we think will never happen to us. We will write a custom essay sample on Small World, or I have not forgotten Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Small World, or I have not forgotten Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Small World, or I have not forgotten Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I want to emphasize that the author does not press on pity, describing how Alzheimers disease gradually eats away the memory, life and personality of Konrad Lang. The book does not impose any emotion, and perhaps, in that one of its main advantages, given the subject matter, which is located to tearfulness. Separately, it must be said about the ending. Maybe this is my personal preference, but it is not very pleasant to me, when the last pages of the author finally tells her short, in what was an intrigue. Reminiscent of a school essay, finish after the bell, when it should be the most important thing and as soon as possible. But this is really a good book. Once started, you want to read. However, in the summary indicates that this work is the action-psychological thriller, and Im in the process of reading all waiting for him to start, and after reading wondered if I had not lived all this time in a monstrous delusion about the nature of action-psihotrillerov. But I come, as always, to conclude that summary evil .

analysis of Prverts paroles essays

analysis of Prvert's paroles essays Q: Discuss Prverts ideas of childhood and youth with reference to poems from Paroles. Jacques Prvert was born on the 4th February 1900 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Famous poet, scriptwriter and close friend of artists Picasso and Motand; he was a prominent figure of the post war cultural scene in Paris. Known for the phenomenal success of his collection of poems Paroles and his key role in the French surrealist movement; Prverts early childhood days were far from the successful figure he later became. Prverts younger childhood days were a very happy time for him. He had fond memories of this time and this was often reflected in his work. However, when Prvert was 7 years old (in 1906) his father, Andr lost his job; and the idyllic, carefree childhood young Jacques had once known, disappeared all at once. The family moved to a hotel in the poorest quarters of Paris. Prverts world was turned upside down, into that of a working class Paris and its Parisian street urchins. Childhood is a recurrent metaphor of poetic imagination and eternal youth, and is a prevalent feature in his work in Paroles. It is believed that Prverts own childhood has had a strong influence in his ideas both positively and negatively. The purpose of this essay is to discuss this idea. Prverts father finally got a job working in the central office for the poor of Paris. He would find families and assess their financial situation. His father was dealing with some of the poorest people in the city. Prvert who was only seven years old at the time evokes this memory in the poem La Grasse Matine Lazy Day. This is a poem, which vividly evokes the readers imagination and tells the tale of the torment of someone unab ...

Analyze blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analyze blog - Essay Example These two concepts are highly related in their application; people in the course of discharging their duties and responsibilities often use them. Critical thinking is an important practice that has to be practiced by all people in the social and other dimensions of life including careers. This practice refers to the disciplined procedure of active and skillful conceptualization, application and evaluation of information. The information in reference is collected though various ways that include; observations, reasoning, experience among others. The process of critical thinking comprises of all the examination of structures and elements of thought that is implicit on all ways of reasoning, which include purpose, assumptions, problems and other empirical grounds that lead to certain conclusions (Horvath 2011). Critical thinking is an important process that guides effective and efficient practices in various professions. In becoming a professional nurse, an individual has to learn how to think and act like a nurse, this is an essential practice that governs the way they make decision in discharging their duties (LeMone & Burke 2011). The difference between the nurse and other medical practitioners lies in the way they view clients, their medical challenges, as well as the actions and practices they engage in caring for the particular patient. Critical thinking in nursing means that nurses learn the main requirements in the profession, concepts and ideas as well as particular theories relating to nursing. Critical thinking is important in developing the intellectual capacities of people including their skills in making them become disciplined and resourceful persons in their field. In addition, it makes them become self-directed people that can handle various issues and challenges in their life and profession. In nursing, critical thinking describes the processes used in thinking systematically and in logical ways while discharging

The investment demand schedule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The investment demand schedule - Essay Example (Finpipe n.d.) The economic crisis has played a great role on interest rates needed to make an investment demand schedule. This study will review the factors that affect investment demand schedules of financing. 1. Supply and demand of money. What happened during the boom time before the crisis? Before the economic crisis, banks had enough supply of money and people demands for business expansion, housing, cars and credit. Banks gets their funds from depositors who are paid 6% interest rate on their savings, and banks lend this money to borrowers at 8%. When demand for money gets bigger than the sufficient funds of the bank, interest rates become higher. Why, because the bank will also borrow funds from other sources which charges them interest. This will necessarily increase the rate of interest in borrowing. 2. Monetary policies. The monetary policies of the government could either tighten or loosen the money supply. Loosening money supply is the policy of printing money for circulation by the Central Bank. Tightening it causes interest rate to increase. Monetary policies are decisions done by the government to manage the economy in such a way that it tries to determine how much money supply is needed. 3. Inflation. Inflation is defined as â€Å"an increase in the amount of money and credit in relation to the supply of goods and services† (YourDictionary) T control inflation, government issues several policies to curb inflation. One of these is printing of money for money supply. 3.1 The government monetary policy of printing money for supply circulation is called monetary inflation. In global economy today, the amount of money in circulation can be provided by financial institutions and can be more complex because of interest rates. (Your Dictionary) 3.2 Effect of Government borrowings. An investment demand schedule is needed by the government for public expenditures. When the tax collected is not sufficient for projected expenses,

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) Research Paper

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) - Research Paper Example This technique has made it possible for people that do have a specific genetic condition to avoid passing it on to their off spring (Ashcroft, 2013, p. 218). It is important to make a distinction between pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and preimplantation genetic screening. The diagnosis procedure refers specifically to the situation whereby one or both of the genetic parents of a child in question actually has one or more numerous types of serious genetic abnormalities. If this is the case, the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis procedure can be performed on a particular embryo to determine if it also carries that specific genetic abnormality as well. Pre-implantation genetic screening, on the other hand, is a procedure that is performed when embryos from genetic parents are thought to be normal from a chromosomal perspective, but the genetic parents are screened for aneuploidy (Ashcroft, 2013). The purpose of the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis procedure is, to a large degree, to ensure that only unaffected embryos end up being transferred to the uterus for implantation. This is a viable alternative to the current diagnostic procedures that are typically run after naturally conception has occurred. Examples of this include amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. These tests are often followed by difficult decisions having to be made if abnormal results are achieved, such as deciding to terminate the pregnancy. This issue is quite important today as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis remains the only option that is currently available for parents who are genetically predisposed to certain serious genetic diseases to avoid giving birth to a child that will have the same disease. This must take place prior to the embryo being transferred, or lasting psychological and emotional harm may occur (Dayal, 2010). The

Value of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire

Value of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure leadership ability and behaviour in organisations and organisational studies. However this does not mean it is without flaws. This report will describe and discuss the MLQ and its main purposes. It will analyse leadership theories and the ways in which the test resonates with and conflicts with particular theories. In particular it will look at classic and contemporary leadership perspectives and theories and how it has been applied to the development of the MLQ and the Multifactor Leadership Model the questionnaire is based on. This report will show that while there are flaws in the design, construction, validity and practical application of the MLQ, it is a reliable tool when used in conjunction with other leadership selection and development tools and offers much promise in evaluating leadership ability and behaviours, follower reactions and situational attributes. In 1978, Burns proposed that leaders could be distinguished in terms of transactional or transformational leaders (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450). In his work, transactional leadership consisted of an exchange process between the leader and follower in which the leader offers a reward for compliance with his or her contract (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450) and is based on rewards and punishment. Transformational leadership on the other hand is the process of motivating followers or colleagues to do more than originally expected using charisma, influence and vision by transferring followers attitudes, beliefs and values, as opposed to simply gaining compliance (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 450; Rafferty and Griffin, 2004, p 330). However, Burns proposed that a leader was either transformational or transactional, and that the two were at opposite ends of the spectrum. In the 1980s, Basss approach was able to draw heavily on Burns work, but hypothesised that successful leaders were transformational and transactional. Bass theory represented a combination of transformational, transactional and non-transactional laissez-faire leadership factors (Antonakis et al, 2003, p 264). Bass propositioned that transformational and transactional leadership styles are separate and independent dimensions that appear simultaneously (Tejeda, Scandura and Pillai, 2001, p 33) and that the transactional attributes would deliver the basic needs of an organisation, while the transformational attributes would foster change and encourage commitment. He believed that every leader displays each of the styles to some extent and called this the Full Range of Leadership Model (Bass, 1998, p. 7). However an effective leader would demonstrate transformational attributes more frequently then transactional attributes. Central to Bass research is the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Hartog, Muijen and Koopman, 1997, p21). The MLQ is a leadership assessment tool that measures leadership behaviour and style. It is the primary measurement tool of research on the theory (Tejeda et al, 2001, p 34). In its most recent format, the MLQ is a short but comprehensive survey of 45 items which measures a full range of leadership styles (http://www.cornerstonecoaching.com.au/MLQ_Questionnaire.html, 20/09/2010).  The MLQ is designed to evaluate the factors that are related to leadership and how these factors determine the efficiency and effectiveness of a leader. It assesses the transformational leadership with five scales: 1) idealised attributes, 2) idealised behaviours, 3) inspirational motivation, 4) intellectual stimulation and 5) individualised characterisation (Muenjohn and Armstrong, 2008, p 5). Three scales are identified as characteristics of transactional leadership: 1) contingent reward, 2) man agement by exception: active and management by exception: passive and one scale for Non-leadership, laissez-faire (Muenjohn and Armstrong, 2008, p 5). It also assesses the outcome of leadership in terms of effectiveness and satisfaction. The current version of the MLQ (Form 5X) was developed based on the results of studies of the previous versions and the feedback of leadership scholars who revised the questionnaire (XXXXX IN Antonakis, Avolio and Sivasubramaniam, 2003, p 265) and is used widely in research and across organisations in leadership assessment and development. Leadership Theories and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire The Multifactor Leadership Model has become one of the most widely cited theory of leadership, and while Bass (Bass, 1990b, in Hartog et al, 1997, p19) claims that the transactional-transformational leadership model is a new paradigm, and does not replace or explain other models, the model does in fact integrate ideas from classic and contemporary theories of leadership. Up until the late 1940s, the trait-based approach dominated leadership approaches (Parry and Bryman, 2006, p 448). These theories isolated characteristics that differentiated leaders from non-leaders based on the premise that leaders are born, to an extent, and that the skills required are innate and are not developed over time. The Multifactor Leadership Theory is not a trait based approach however it is evident that there are certain traits exhibited that differentiate a transformational leader from a transactional leader or traits that are not considered as leadership qualities. For instance, confidence (question 25), pride (question 10), optimism (question 9), resiliance and enthusiasm (question 13) are seen as traits of transformational leaders. One question in the MLQ states my associates and followers trust me and exhibit the values I portrayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (www.mlq.com.au, accessed 21/09/2010). In this question, trustworthiness is a trait that is perceived as important for transformational leadership. In fact, Bass approach is based on the concept of the trait or characteristic of charisma. However what the MLQ does not do is state that leadership traits are innate, and that leaders cannot be developed. A key advantage of the MLQ is that it is a tool to assess leadership skills and develop the leader into becoming more effective, efficient and transformational and show where development is required. From inception, the multifactor leadership model incorporated earlier behavioural approaches to leadership (Sashkin, 2004 in Antonakis, Cianciolo and Stenberg, 2004, p 175). Behaviour dimensions are actions that inspires by communicating a vision, actions that express considerations and behaviours that engage and challenge followers to think for themselves (Sashkin, 2004 in Antonakis et al, 2004, p 175). One of the best known approaches to behavioural leadership theories stems from research undertaken by a group of researchers at the Ohio State University. Stogdill and Coons identified two dimensions of leadership in their studies, referred to as consideration or employee-oriented leadership and initiating structure or production-oriented leadership (Antonakis, Cianciolo and Stenberg, 2004, p 7), not dissimilar to transactional, or task focussed leadership. It is important to note that unlike trait based approaches to leadership which focuses on characteristics that is perceived to make a good leader, behavioural approaches emphasise that behaviour can be changed, and through training, individuals can be better leaders. The MLQ is a tool that assesses current behaviour and can be used as a tool to assist in developing individuals to better leaders. In 1967, Fiedlar proposed a contingency model of leadership effectiveness which measured the leadership orientation of the person completing it (Fiedlar, 1967 in Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). The leader was either human-relations oriented, that is, considerate of the subordinates feelings and concerned with fostering good relations, or task-motivated (Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). Like Burns approach on transactional and transformational leadership, Fiedlar proposed that leaders were either human-relations oriented or task motivated, and could alternate depending on the situational factors. The MLQ however shows that for a leader to be effective, both task oriented attributes and transformation attributes needed to be displayed. The two were not co-dependent. The theory focuses on contingent reward as motivation, and is similar to transactional leader attributes. However, the theory highlighted that since a leaders personality does not change, it is instead necessary to change th e situational factors instead, such as task structure, position power or leader-member relations (Parry and Byrman, 2006, p 449). The MLQ is an assessment tool based on analysing a persons behaviours and attributes and developing or changing their behaviour to transformational leaders rather than transactional or non-leaders rather than the need to change the environment or situation. The multifactor model seems to stem from research conducted from the late 1980s onwards and the theories that became known as contemporary perspectives. One such example is leadership through emotional intelligence (EI). EI is consistently associated with good leadership and is the ability to understand and manage feelings, moods and emotions in self and others (Kupers and Weibler, 2005, p 369). The connection between emotions and transformational leadership was assessed by research conducted in 2001 by Palmer, Walls and Burgess by measuring emotional intelligence in 43 participants in managerial roles using the Trait Meta Mood Scale, and effective transformational leadership attributes were measured by the MLQ. It was found that there was a positive correlation between EI and transformational leadership, a factor that has not been missed by Bass, who declared that leadership is as much emotional and subjective as rational and objective in effect (1999, p 19 in Kupers and Weibler, 20 05, p 369). This and other research has suggested that EI is an important component of transformational leadership, and the ability to utilise transactional attributes when required. In fact, transformational leaders would need to use emotion to communicate vision to gain a response from their subordinates. It is interesting to note that the EI model became prevalent from 1980 onwards. Perhaps for this reason Bass and team insisted that their multifactor leader model was not based on previous classic models of leadership but asserted that there was a positive relationship between EI and transformational leadership. While this report does not propose that the multifactor model does not have any similarities to classic models, it is evident that the model has more similarity with contemporary models of leadership. Further correlations can be made between the multifactor model and the level 5 leadership model and inspirational leadership model. The level 5 leadership model is based on the premise that an effective leader exhibits attributes effective leadership, competent management, contributing team membership and a highly capable individual and can in addition demonstrate personal humility and professional will. Inspirational leadership is a combination of level 5 leadership and EI. Inspirational leaders selectively show their own weaknesses, dare to be different, rely on intuition and ability to read interpersonal cues and practice tough empathy. Attributes of the multifactor model, including inspirational motivations, simulation and consideration are similar to the concepts presented above. Effective leaders will also be transformational and transactional, therefore showing both competent manager and highly capable individual attributes. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Practical Application The MLQ is essentially based on the premise that for a leader to be successful, transactional and transformational attributes need to be displayed. This has also made the test popular and valid in a variety of situations and environments, including structured, task oriented workplaces, such as manufacturing or in a professional services environment, where employee empowerment, charisma and visionary leadership are prevalent. In addition, it is essentially a 360 degree feedback tool, that is used not only to develop the leader but to identify the thoughts of subordinates, thereby increasing accuracy, acceptance, better understanding of performance and gaps in performance and indicates the leadership skills an individual needs to develop to be effective. Based on the results, ineffective leaders can be differentiated from effective leaders. Furthermore, its successful application in a variety of organisations is highlighted by the fact that it has been translated in other languages to decrease the language barrier or cultural implications. What it does not take into account however, is other cultural implications such as preferred or required leadership style or social factors, and research has revealed that different cultures place value certain leadership styles and behaviours to a greater extent than others. Certain cultures for instance, may not value individualise d consideration for instance as much as the cultural norms of collectivist societies in China or India for instance, so attributes valued in the multifactor model may not be ideal in certain cultures. In a study by Shahin and Wright (2004), they highlighted that cooperation and coordination were important for social integration among people in Egypt, stemming from social culture and its dependence on Islam (Shahin and Wright, 2004, 9 203). The MLQ does not take into account social culture and cultural implications and for this reason further questions were added measuring social integration. Shahin and Wright (2004) also noted that the form in which char ismatic leadership portrayed in the Egyptian context has a strong element of authoritarianism (p 504). The leadership style exhibits strong elements of transactional leadership behaviours, where contingent reward and management by exception are required to ensure subordinates perform (Shahin and Wright, 2004, 9 504). Therefore the ideal measurements of the MLQ needed to be customised to suit the context. In addition Validity and Design As noted above, key to the multifactor model is based on the premise that the theoretical background stems from classic and contemporary leadership, and is based on developing leaders, not that leaders are born. The MLQ is widely accepted and used and extensive research has been conducted that highlights its validity and reliability to measure management behaviour and performance (Agle, 1993; Carless, Mann and Wearing, 1995; Lowe, Kroek and Sivasubramaniam, 1996). It has emerged from a through and rigorous research process over the past fifteen years (Whitelaw, 2001, p 1). Part of its success in implementation in todays business world is its success in integrating emotional intelligence into the attributes of transformation leaders. Based on the results, training, support, mentoring and coaching can be provided to the leader. It would be very difficult in criticising the MLQ in terms of its application, as the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) is widely used in academic research and also a broad range of different organisations across many cultures (Anatonakis et al, 2003; Krickbride, 2006). The evidence of this is the fact that the MLQ has been translated into ten different languages, and has extensively been used in organisations globally in the following sectors in many sectors such as training, consulting, financial and insurance institutes, law firms, hospitals, mining and manufacturing businesses, media, government, marketing, gaming industry, defence, retail, property businesses, education etc. However, research (House, 1997) reveals that different cultures vary immensely in the value they give to certain leadership styles and behaviours. This may lead to a problem in the potential application of the MLQ as leadership behaviour that is valued by the MLQ (e.g. individualised consideration t owards subordinates) might violate certain cultural norms of collectivist societies e.g. India and Japan. Furthermore, a research conducted by Connelly, Zaccharo, Threlfall, Marks and Mumford (2002) reveals that questionnaires like MLQ in which subordinates and peers provide evaluation, fail to measure certain types of leadership skills, as they might be less observable e.g. knowledge, problem-solving and judgement capabilities.   The ***** provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of public organizations, especially on the point that the criteria are multiple, shifting, and conflicting (Rainey, 2003) The MLQ is capable of measuring the extent to which leadership is ***** considerate, providing the ***** with support, mentoring, ***** coaching (*****, p. 5). Established ***** (Bass). In addition, the MLQ: *****. Differentiates effective and ineffective leaders ***** all organizational levels; 2. Assesses the effectiveness ***** an entire organizations leadership; 3. Is valid ***** cultures ***** types of organizations; *****. Is ***** to administer, requires 15 minutes to complete; 5. Has ***** extensively ***** and validated; 6. The MLQ provides the best relationship ***** survey data to organizational outcome; and, 7. The MLQ has become ***** benchmark measure of Transformational Leadership (***** *****) The data developed from the ***** to date have been shown to highly correlate with ***** with effectiveness, performance, ***** satisfaction (Bass, p. 83). In addition, the feedback of MLQ results can also be used for mentoring, counseling, coaching, and training; MLQ scores might also be used profitably to identify executives to head ***** ventures (Bass, p. 84). Theoretical background is based on developing leaders, not that leaders are born EI aspects present in MLQ Plenty of research and used widely, accepted 360 degree feedback, tool to identify the thoughts of subordinates practical application design validity Weaknesses of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Cultural factors e.g. org culture Environmental factors, economy (crisis) Type of organisation e.g. manufacturing organisation might need diff style of leadership to professional services firm Reliance on honesty Self-evaluation Does not consider variance in thought or ideology Some questions may not apply in certain situations Opportunities and Threats of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire practical application design validity Conclusion